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The aim of this article is to highlight the complexity of the process of innovation used in innovation-oriented public-private partnerships (IPPPs). The characterization of the IPPPs results in the analysis of innovation in IPPPs being positioned at the intersection of many theoretical approaches. This article shows that an interactive representation of innovation, based on design, although useful for studying the innovation process, is however not sufficient to demonstrate the environmental context and the innovation dynamic of the IPPPs. This research proposes an analysis of the complexity of the innovation process of IPPPs by using a case study. This study illustrates the different levels of complexity encountered by the IPPPs, and the need to use an interactive, but also dynamic, analytical framework in order to demonstrate this. JEL codes: I1, O3