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This article summarizes the complex relationship between ecology and human migration. These relationships, which seem to have intensified over time, are caused by a variety of environmental, social, economic and political factors that are difficult to weigh up. In particular, this analysis shows that environmental change, whether climatic (floods, storms, droughts, etc.) or biophysical (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.), is often only one of several migration factors, and that the existence of migration factors does not necessarily imply that migration will take place.