46

In this paper, we examine the conceptual foundations of cross-disciplinary studies in the field of developmental psychology from an historical perspective. We present earlier theoretical conceptions of developmental diversity and their principal orientations, with the aim of understanding how culture and development are intertwined. Examining a diverse range of theoretical models examined allows us to analyze more finely the complexity of culture in its relation to development. Culture appears as multifaceted, with each of its components potentially exerting an influence on one or another aspect of development. Although answers have been provided for many questions in this field, many debates remain open, such as the specific influence or joint influence of biology and culture on development, or the concept of the environment. Equally, new research questions are emerging, such as culture and theory of mind, culture and developmental trajectories, and the study of historical change. Ultimately, the cultural approach is vital for our understanding of child development in its most general aspects.