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Urban spread is accompanied by an evolution of land use: around cities, urban and agricultural uses are opposed to each other, or sometimes intertwined. These renewed links between city and country dwellers induce a change in local policies. Legislation reforms encourage urban communities to cooperate more with the different parties involved in territory. Recently we have witnessed the emergence of different exchange processes between farmers and urban representatives. What are the determinants, the terms and the issues at stake of these processes? We will describe and analyse the processes observed around three cities in the west of France. From negation of agricultural issues in local policy to the negotiation of a sharing of local resources, the situations observed show how the social relations between farmers and local councillors are changing.