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The context of Martinique is quite specific, as far as the study of multiculturalism, identity and difference are concerned. The theme of identity plays a major part in public debates. On the basis of a corpus of discourses, this presentation highlights some of the patterns which structure the discourse of identity, either in terms of substance or of relationship. Among the recurrent themes are to be found the specificity of physical features, the need for cunning, the status of creole, the colonial legacy, present in the shape of the plantation, or reparations for the years of slavery. The recognition of difference and the demand for equality are both implied. The relationship with France is questioned. The avenues explored here are also relevant in other fields.