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The Avicenne ELAL is the first transcultural tool used for evaluating the mother tongue competence of bilingual children aged between three and ten years old. The validation population was made up of children whose mother tongue is Arabic (Maghreb), Tamil (Sri Lanka), or Soninke (West Africa) in five different linguistic and cultural contexts: in France, where the mother tongue is a minority language, and in Mauritania, Algeria, Sri Lanka, and Morocco, where these languages are used by the majority. It was also used in Madagascar. The ELAL reveals skills and this instrument is useful for clinicians in an exploratory approach to family transmissions. In preventive medicine, the Avicenne ELAL is used to assess language development. In schools, it highlights skills passed on within the family.