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Is it possible to refer to a 'Second Republic' given that the constitutional reform of 1997 were a failure and the changes that have occurred in the last decade mainly regard the political sphere (new parties, new system of alliances, new political style) and its regulation (electoral law)? The only genuine institutional change concerns the territorial organization of the state (which is moving towards a federal model). As for the future of the institutions, it depends on the consolidation of the political changes (whose fragility was highlighted by the two previous legislatures) and on their translation into political agreements.