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Wage inequalities between men and women have been explained by various factors, which, though significant, do not appear to be enough to explain the paradox whereby women are increasingly more highly qualified than men, with remuneration rising on average with higher qualifications, yet women are paid significantly less than men and the wage gap has barely shrunk over the years. The relationship between training and employment is at the heart of the French meritocratic tradition, but it often only appears as a subtext in research on male-female inequality and its effects are not evaluated numerically. This article sets out to measure the differentiated effect of qualification levels on employment, professions entered, and remuneration between men and women.