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Religious practices and religiosity among groups originating from the Maghreb, Sahel, and to a lesser extent Turkey have bucked the trend prevailing in Europe: they have increased among men and the young. Based on data from the MGIS (Mobilité Géographique et Insertion Sociale [Geographical Mobility and Social Integration]) 1992 and TEO (Trajectoires et Origines [Trajectories and Origins]) 2008 surveys, and secondarily on results from the EVS (European Values Study) and ESS (European Social Survey), and surveys from the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme) and WVS (World Values Surveys), the intention here is to put religious practices and the importance placed on religion into perspective according to the context and living conditions of immigrants in France, with, in the background, changes in religiosity in the immigrants’ countries of origin. We are led to ponder whether the recent surge in religiosity among young immigrants from the Maghreb and Sahel, which varies according to individual characteristics, family backgrounds and living environments, is marked by issues of identity assertion.