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The aim of this article is to assess the effect of household context on individual smoking practices in France. The analyses are based on an innovative use of INSEE’s 2002–2003 decennial “Santé” [Health] survey. Three major findings emerge: 1) strong family concordance for smoking: with individual characteristics, household structure and income level controlled for, over 40% of variance in propensity to smoke is attributable to unobserved household-related factors; 2) men and women are sensitive to psychosocial risk factors operative in distinct contexts: unemployed men are more likely to smoke than employed men while women in single-parent households are more likely to smoke than women in any other family structure; 3) household contexts may modulate practices, either strengthening or weakening the effect of individual characteristics.