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Focusing on the « monosexuality » of the social work sector, the authors propose to study gender relations at work through a psycho-sociological perspective based on the notion of « social imaginary ». They show that some kind of « motherhood imaginary » organizes the representations of professionals and « clients » but can also be found in social policy assumptions and work organisation patterns. This would explain why the entry of men in this field of activity is so slow and almost non existent.