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RNA viruses are the most common class of pathogens responsible for the emergence of new human diseases, with two to three newly identified viruses annually. The recent 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic underscores the importance of discovering new and effective antiviral agents. Alkaloids are a class of heterocyclic organic molecules bearing one or more nitrogen atoms and exhibiting a wide variety of structures. Several plant alkaloids are known for their extensive therapeutic properties. The objective of this review is to highlight the antiviral potential of alkaloids derived from Amaryllidaceae and from other types of plants for fighting several families of RNA viruses, such as flaviviruses, coronaviruses, alphaviruses, alphainfluenzaviruses, and also human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Alkaloids act against viruses using several strategies and target both viral and cellular proteins. These molecules are bioactive agents that offer attractive prospects in the search for new antiviral drugs.