80

Gramsci, Fanon : A Decentred MarxismThrough its joint reading of Fanon and Gramsci, the article seeks to underline the affinities between these two authors, both heirs to and heretics within the Marxist tradition. The “decentred Marxism” of the two authors is highlighted. From the critique of coloniality to the implementation of a theory of action attentive to the revolutionary power of which the subaltern populations are the bearers, from the exposure of the “racisation” and “subalternisation” of the peasant and proletarian masses of pre-war Italy to the establishment of a “dividing line of colours” in the French colonial system, the two strategists and theorists relentlessly address the task of articulating the various modes of domination (class, race, sex) as components of the same process. Emphasising the necessity of ensuring that critical theory is a counter-hegemonic theory, the article reads as a call to rethink historical materialism and revolutionary praxis by demanding of the theorist that she or he should reconnect with the people, becoming more attentive to the originality of the modes of expression of popular revolts.