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Exploring the current debates on bioeconomy and its diverging techno-political paths to sustainability, this article provides a theoretical discussion about the concept of resource in geography. Its aim is more precisely to initiate a dialogue between the French territorial lens and the “revived resource geography”. Although understanding resource in relational terms as a potent social category, these two theoretical frameworks have neither the same genealogy, nor the same lens and objectives. However, this article argue that these two approaches are complementary to grasp the co-construction of place-based markets and natures. Monitoring the development of innovative wood-based products in Aquitaine region (southwestern France), this paper relates the importance of historical heritage and coordinating process, but also the importance of materialities and the power relations they convey. In doing so, it shows how the transformation of the local resources is as much a matter of territorial specificities as of the logic of accumulation. Finally, this article suggest that the “revived resource geography”, by paying attention to the neoliberalization of nature and the political-economic materialities, could be fruitful to better understand incumbents’ responses to transition processes and, therefore, to update our conception of an alternative territorial development.