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Following the WHO recommendations made in the late 1970s to value and to supervise traditional medicine, governmental dynamics and development programs have emerged in Madagascar. They conduct on the one hand, the evaluation of healers’ practices, and on the other hand, that of to the evaluation of medicinal plants, seen as the main components of remedies which can be analyzed and promoted by biomedicine. Training courses open to traditional healers have limited impacts on their practices and are used primarily to strengthen biomedicine. A recent draft decree on traditional healers’ ethics code focuses on the need for their commitment as collaborators in development projects. This article shows the gap that may exist between governmental decisions and their local applications as well as the current place of traditional healers in health development programs.