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Hungary, the only country having experienced a Socialist Republic just after the October Revolution, was also from the 1950s to the 1980s the place of a rich Marxist production. Halfway between testimony and historical analysis, this article notably looks back at the introduction of the work of Isaac Deutscher in Hungary and more generally at the rediscovery of Lenin and the first years of the Soviet regime. The author, who published a biography of Lenin, also offers a more global look at the period said of “real socialism” and the reasons for its breakdown.