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In the 1960s and 1970s, Althusser’s ideas were disseminated in different intellectual and political spaces in Latin America. In the context of the transformations then taking place in left-wing culture and the social sciences, Althusser’s work was drawn upon by Latin American intellectuals in different ways, for their reflection on their own practice and their link with politics. The Latin American reception of Althusser had the particularity of being directed and controlled by Althusser himself and being relayed by a number of intellectuals acting as mediators between Althusser and the region. This article provides an analysis of how Althusser’s ideas penetrated different countries in Latin America, examining the specific modalities through which his work was propagated in the region.