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In this manuscript first published in 1970, the author questions the meaning of compulsion to repeat during the psychoanalytic process. Inspired by S. Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle, the author frees himself from the controversy surrounding the death instinct as he distinguishes two types of repetitions. Firstly, he mentions the repetition of the same, driven by the pleasure principle, of a neurotic nature, when the past can be symbolized as of the Oedipal phase. On the other hand, he distinguished the repetition of the identical when the past is not elaborated, such as in traumatic or current neuroses. Through a clinical study, the author offers a metapsychological analysis, both economic and dynamic, of these two types of repetition.