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The idea of the company as a political actor has become widely popular. It challenges the distinctions between public and private, state and civil society, political and economic. The article documents the recent preoccupation with companies as political actors, at the crossroads of questions concerning the Anthropocene societies and their political cleavages. It presents and organizes the variety of meanings with which, in various social sciences (political science, sociology, economics, management, law, philosophy, history) the company as a political actor has been treated and offers a portrait of the cross contributions of these disciplines, before proposing some possible paths for a renewed research agenda.