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The notion of neurodevelopmental disorder emerged at the beginning of the 21st century and rapidly became a widely used concept in child and adolescent psychiatry. It reassures us about the aetiology of mental disorders, and has a certain theoretical coherence. However, it raises many questions: clinical, sociological and epistemological. In psychiatry, there is a very long history of pathologizing what are mere differences. We should be more attentive to how our societies receive the concepts that we develop as clinicians.