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Vincent Duclert’s report on Rwanda, submitted on March 26, 2021, shows a dysfunction of the political and military authorities that makes it necessary to analyze their decision-making procedures. To do so, it is necessary to look at the history of the complex relations between these protagonists, whose points of view sometimes diverge. To limit the risk of a repeat of the 1994 scenario, the role of Parliament must be strengthened and the scope of democratic debate on France’s military commitments must be broadened.