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This article analyses the contribution of Science and Technology Studies to our understanding of the way expert knowledge is produced. The originality of STS lies in its central assumption that independence and integrity are not intrinsic properties of scientific activity but the result of a process of delimitation which is inherent to scientific practice and its institutional systems, and which therefore makes STS particularly well placed to analyze expertise as a “technology of power.” This is their first contribution, but the article also addresses the contribution of STS to the democratisation of expert knowledge, and attempts to shed light on a debate that is often raised in terms that are over-caricatured.