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Reflecting on courage shows that it is not just a simple matter of character, and that courageous people need a greater conscience to exercise the quality. That conscience is, moreover, a primary factor in intellectual courage, which is first and foremost based on dissatisfaction with the current state of thinking. Intellectual courage is, however, not solely the preserve of intellectuals: people in charge of things also need it, through the simple fact that they have to take decisions and therefore put an end to uncertainty. That is particularly true for leaders: being in command requires reflection. It is also true for those in charge of strategy, whether creating it or implementing it. Preparing strategies to deal with surprises does not just involve mulling over more information, but also being able to think outside the box.