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Beyond its chronicity, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a model disease in oncology, since it remains one of the benchmarks for the success of targeted treatment. Discontinuation of treatment is considered one of the main goals of therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Several criteria are known to be necessary to consider discontinuation, but predictive factors to improve the chance of achieving treatment-free remission are not clear. Today, 30 to 40 percent of newly diagnosed patients could be candidates for possible treatment cessation. Discontinuation criteria include being in chronic phase, having received at least five years of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, and sustained deep molecular response exceeding two years. The aim of current research is to increase the number of candidates through a better understanding of treatment-free remission. In this current review, we highlight the results obtained in this new area. In some cases, the resulting questions go beyond current medical research, as they are also linked to the health system and what it means to be “cured” of cancer.