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Using data collected in 2020 and 2021 on 408 randomly selected households and linear regression, this paper analyses the determinants of the economic dependence on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) of households living near protected areas in southern Burkina Faso. The results show that, on average, NTFPs account for 15 percent of these households’ income; this dependency varies according to the head of household’s gender, age, level of education, and membership of a forest user group, as well as the duration of the food deficit in the household, the per capita income of the household, and the distances from home to market and from home to a protected area. A policy that recognizes the importance of NTFPs in this context would enable sustainable management of these forests.