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The arrival of refugees leads to a demographical (rather than territorial) enlargement of the European construction, which will call for a new political elaboration, since the current confederation of national States is unable to address this issue. New rules and new perspectives for gaining a European citizenship must be invented, a federal form of citizenship designed for refugees. A common European political economy will be needed in order to confirm and support this evolution. Germany’s unilateral initiative must evolve towards a broader form of solidarity within the European community.