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Antiliberalism is deep-seated in French political culture, both on the Right and on the Left. While economic policy has diverged from the principles proclaimed, moving from national planning to a shamefaced acceptance of marketisation and privatisation, those on the Left who wished to move towards a liberalised socialism have been unable to carry the Socialist party with them. On the Right, half-hearted attempts at reform of the French social model have been succeeded by a shock therapy that has rapidly run into resistance and disorderly tactical retreat. Piecemeal state intervention, motivated by economic patriotism, persists.