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During the last decade, government interventions in a public policy regarding history have become a legitimate topic of debate in Polish politics and academia. The Law and Justice Party government (PiS, 2005-2007) and the country’s membership of the European Union have given a boost to this debate, which a group of intellectuals ideologically close to the party has taken up. As an analysis of the social and political careers of the persons involved shows, this debate hinges on differences regarding: the function of history, the role of intellectuals, and the interpretations of changes during the post-Communist era. Despite the change of majority in 2007, we observe a continuity in the social and political functions assigned to history. Nonetheless, the instrumentalization of a “history policy” varies depending on the parties and persons involved and the interests pursued.