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Medical ethics are at a political and social turning point today. The challenge is to promote a more active role for individuals who have been weakened through long illness or disability. The concept of vulnerability is considered as complementary to a critical analysis of the principle of autonomy. It opens bioethics to the values of solidarity and hospitality. This paper builds on the preaching of the Kingdom of God to examine how theology can formulate philosophically and implement bioethics at a social and political level. Through principles such as subsidiarity, common good or participation, the theological perspective goes well beyond usual understanding of autonomy. The objective is to better meet the needs of the most vulnerable in a world where both our weaknesses and our potentials add up and globalise.