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Since the Kohll and Decker judgements, the case-law of the Union’s Court of Justice has drastically modified regulations concerning patient mobility in the European Union. Along with traditional social security coordination rules, a new path has been opened in terms of health care coverage outside the patient’s affiliation country. The Directive on patients rights applicable to cross-border health care adopted in March 2011 is precisely aimed at codifying specific case-law solutions. In this respect, the Directive seeks to harmonise imperatives that are liable to be contradictory: patient mobility rights based on the freedom to provide services, recognition of other rights related to the latter, protecting the financial interests of national social security funds, recognising the statutory jurisdiction of national governments in terms of health care.