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The southeast of the Massif Central is criss-crossed by a network of important roads that connect the mountainous highlands to the surrounding plains. From the twelfth century, several forms of traffic accumulated there, notably linked to pilgrimage and trade. In a region where sparsely populated high-altitude landscapes and harsh weather impose severe traffic constraints, shelters for travelers were essential to the smooth running of the road. In this context, hospitals of various natures developed, with little or only an indirect contribution from the main regional monastic establishments. On the other hand, many small establishments developed to shelter travelers at least from the twelfth century, notably under the impetus of the Hôtel-Dieu du Puy in the wake of the Marian pilgrimage. From the end of the thirteenth century, hospitals dedicated to sheltering travelers declined, while commercial accommodation developed significantly in the first half of the fourteenth century. A dense hostel network succeeded the roadside hospitals, using the same logic of being located on the most difficult sections of the road. These rural inns were sometimes completely isolated, on mountain passes or highlands. Often modest, they only offered a few places and sometimes resembled a guest house, with a few beds in the owner’s house. Road hospitals or their successor commercial establishments clearly met the needs of the road by offering a functional infrastructure. Initially charitable, when the traffic of pilgrims was clearly dominant, the sheltering of travelers became commercial when trade traffic increased. Initially devoted to the care of the body and soul, the accommodation of travelers remained a place for taking care of their bodies, but it also became a place for transaction and commercial trade.