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This article outlines the blind spots of a history, that of the qualification of knowledge in the 19th century, from the joint appearance of the neologism epistemology and the phrase philosophy of science. Beyond linguistic and institutional determinations, it endeavors to identify the logic of their common basis, in a century which consolidated both the central role of history and that of the search for a status specific to thought. Thus, it aspires to compensate for the confusions due to the impact of the circulation of ideas (translations, traditions and receptions) and wishes to show the place of a conceptual profusion by endeavoring to account for the unity of habits generated by the heritage of an era.