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As it explicates and elucidates the xith century Eucharistic dispute between Berengar of Tours and Lanfranc of Pavia, this article purports to show that the broader issue at stake here is the ontological consistency of the sensible and the reliability of the structures of our mind and body from an epistemological viewpoint. Indeed, how can one understand let alone explain that, after the consecration of the Eucharist, our senses still perceive bread and wine whereas faith teaches us that the body and blood of Christ are present? A close examination of Berengar’s position in the controversy gives birth to the theory that the substance of sensible things does not depend on us but on God.