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International migrations have always been a strategy adopted by human communities to respond to the deterioration of living conditions in their countries of origin. Currently, in a context of severe crises at the global level, the push factors of migration are increasingly taking a more multi-dimensional nature in which the environmental variable linked to the depletion of natural resources and climate change plays a significant role. This implies a strong increase in the share of environmental migrants within migratory flows and the need to recognize them as refugees. The issue of environmental migrants particularly affects the Mediterranean countries because they show high vulnerability and a poor adaptive capacity to the impacts of climate change. In addition, the Mediterranean region is a transition zone of migration flows from sub-Saharan Africa to the European countries, which in the future will become more consistent as a result of global warming.