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Introduction: Despite the emphasis on interprofessional cooperation between general practitioners and pharmacists, the effectiveness of interventions in this area is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of interventions based on cooperation between general practitioners and pharmacists. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database and the PASCAL database. Keywords and/or search terms (“family physician(s)” or “general practitioner(s)” and “pharmacist(s)”) were cross-referenced. We included the results of all randomized clinical trials published in English or French and assessed the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions designed to complement the work of general practitioners. Results: In total, 22 articles were included. Sixteen trials showed that pharmacist interventions in the management of chronic health conditions and drug therapy management benefit patients. The evidence suggests that pharmacist interventions have a positive impact on the management of arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and the management of drug-related problems. The criteria used for the trials were generally procedural or surrogate criteria and never included cost-effectiveness analyses. Discussion: Cooperation between pharmacists and general practitioners can contribute to improving the quality of primary care, especially in the areas of cardiometabolic and prescription problems.