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In this paper, we question perceptions of the differences between paternal and maternal roles. What is the basis of these perceptions? Does biology give a sufficient answer? In our introduction, we discuss some elements of the evolution of our societies, from patria potestas to co-parenting, and then discuss the notions of equity, equality, and justice, notions addressed in philosophy and in the systemic theory, especially by Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy. Then, using many clinical examples as well as some examples from literature, we study how the distribution of parental tasks might affect, often heavily, the different members of the family system. How can we help families develop their own models without imposing our own on them, and how can we support dialogue between parents? Considering the symmetry AND the complementarity of parental tasks with them could well be a therapeutic lever.