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Studies about premature babies often focus on the repercussions on the child. However, this paper addresses the effects on the mother, specifically the effects on her protective role toward her child. This paper used attachment theory, particularly its conceptualization of the maternal caregiving system. The authors of this paper developed a questionnaire in order to address maternal representations of protection. Using this questionnaire, the authors asked two mothers to talk about their experience when their child was born. This paper also introduces some rating factors, which stem from attachment research, in order to assess the impact of the trauma on maternal caregiving. The conclusion presents one mother’s narration in order to illustrate this topic.