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Background: We previously described the therapeutic and developmental early outcomes of 102 infants aged 0 to 1 year consecutively referred to a 0-3 mental health clinic (Viaux-Savelon et al. 2010).Purpose and methods: The goals of the present study were (i) to evaluate the same population three years later by assessing their emotional and behavioral development and (ii) to assess the predictors of poor outcome. Two-thirds of the families were reached and completed the Child Behavior Checklist and a developmental questionnaire.Results: The results showed that 52 (78%) children had good clinical outcomes, 6 (9%) had intermediate outcomes (several borderline clinical scores or only one clinical score) and 9 (13%) had poor outcomes (several borderline clinical scores and at least one clinical score). Low parental education was the only predictor of poor outcome, whereas gender, sleep and eating disorders, rhythm and attention problems, parent-infant relationship, family structure, parental trauma, psychopathology of the mother, type of intervention and duration and number of treatment sessions were not.Conclusion: Although based on parental reports, the results suggest that (1) early needs in infancy are not necessarily predictive of later child psychopathology unless the parents exhibit a low level of education and (2) early intervention may have a preventive effect on the emergence of later psychopathology.