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The present study aims at exhibiting the existence of links between the poverty phenomenon and the conditions of accessibility to education in the different regions of Cameroon. The target is to appreciate from the ECAM III Census data of 2007 the influence of monetary and non monetary variables on access to primary and secondary education according to the sex of children on the one hand, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the households on the other hand.The mains results show that the influence of monetary and non monetary variables on access to education varies, according to the different regions of the country, to the sex of children, and to the area of residence of households. Thus, the northern regions are less scholarised than the southern ones. Marginalisation of girls to the benefit of boys is very pronounced in the northern regions. Children from female headed families have more chances of schooling than those from male headed ones.These results lead to certain recommendations, especially public awareness campaigns in favor of the schooling of girls in particular in the northern regions, the increase in the supply of training especially in rural areas and the construction of boarding schools in regions with low population densities.