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This essay strives to analyse the various meanings of 'identity' in geography. It focuses more particularly on several generations of geographical and anthropological research that tried to combine these meanings, especially the logical identity of geographical entities with social, collective and personal identities. This paper proposes a critique of the epistemological approach, which puts the long-term links between geographical entities and social identities at the core of the discipline, and suggests that the production of geographical entities can be analysed as one mode among many to represent and renew the spatiality of personal and collective identities.