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By focusing on the “gender of business” for the first time, this issue of Entreprises et Histoire aims to broaden the scope of research both in business history and in gender studies as a variety of different perspectives are taken to analyze gender inequalities. Traditional areas of research such as companies, shareholders and economic institutions are reviewed from new angles and what is considered to be in the economic sphere is also revisited. The research areas covered in this special issue thus include informal and illicit work and activities that are not typically considered to be conventional market exchanges. This enlarged view of the workplace enriches the study of collective action in relation to issues of gender.