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Italian marxism, underestimating the economical theory and the philosophical dimension overfed itself with immediat politics : It was thus badly prepared tu face the new situation. Going back to 1962 and to the debate on the Marx-Hegel relationship, the author tries to renew the discussion on "historicism" (concept of structure and relation to nature) before analysing the determinant factors of the "Marxist crisis" which begins in 1975. Its revival implies taking into account the ontologico-ethical dimension introduced by Luckas and Bloch.