Governance in sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century: Four trends and an uncertain outlook

Raballand, Gaël

Governance in sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century: Four trends and an uncertain outlook - 2025.


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What lessons can be drawn from the governance of African countries since the beginning of the 21st century? What is the quality of governance on the African continent, and how does it shape development? The first decade of the millennium was marked by promising growth and a reduction in poverty across much of the continent. Yet, sub-Saharan Africa has also been the scene of a series of failures regarding governance reform and setbacks in public policy, with many countries continuing to suffer from the consequences of poor governance. This paper explores the dynamics of governance reform on the continent over the past two decades and highlights four key trends. Among them, progress has been made in terms of inclusion and the accountability of institutions, but these remain limited by the weakness of checks and balances. JEL Codes: D73, D74, H11, F51, N57.

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