Decentralizing to De-escalate? Energy Decentralization in European Legislation, 1960-2024

Ozhan, Serhat

Decentralizing to De-escalate? Energy Decentralization in European Legislation, 1960-2024 - 2025.


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This study analyzes the evolution of energy decentralization in European legislation from 1960 to 2024, and its potential role in de-escalating energy tensions. Through systematic analysis of 1,248 European legislative documents, the research identifies three distinct phases : emergence (1960-1980), institutionalization (1980-2000), and consolidation (since 2000). The analysis reveals a gradual transformation of energy decentralization from a technical approach to a multidimensional model also integrating economic, social, and political aspects. The research highlights a complex institutional architecture in which different European entities play complementary roles : the European Commission guides technical aspects through its Directorates-General, the European Parliament develops expertise through specialized committees, and the EESC and Committee of the Regions respectively provide advisory input on socio-economic and territorial aspects. The results show that energy decentralization evolved as a de-escalation tool, addressing various energy system vulnerabilities ranging from geopolitical dependence to environmental challenges. This evolution is in keeping with a broader transformation of European energy policy, in which decentralization emerged as a strategic response to contemporary challenges connected to energy security and climate transition. The study sheds light on European energy governance mechanisms, and emphasizes the growing importance of decentralization in European energy systems. This study analyzes the evolution of energy decentralization in European legislation from 1960 to 2024, and its potential role in de-escalating energy tensions. Through systematic analysis of 1,248 European legislative documents, the research identifies three distinct phases : emergence (1960-1980), institutionalization (1980-2000), and consolidation (since 2000). The analysis reveals a gradual transformation of energy decentralization from a technical approach to a multidimensional model also integrating economic, social, and political aspects. The research highlights a complex institutional architecture in which different European entities play complementary roles : the European Commission guides technical aspects through its Directorates-General, the European Parliament develops expertise through specialized committees, and the EESC and Committee of the Regions respectively provide advisory input on socio-economic and territorial aspects. The results show that energy decentralization evolved as a de-escalation tool, addressing various energy system vulnerabilities ranging from geopolitical dependence to environmental challenges. This evolution is in keeping with a broader transformation of European energy policy, in which decentralization emerged as a strategic response to contemporary challenges connected to energy security and climate transition. The study sheds light on European energy governance mechanisms, and emphasizes the growing importance of decentralization in European energy systems.

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