Texas, the Tulsa Race Massacre, and White-Supremacist Energies: Petroleum Workers and Anti-Black Violence in the Mid-Continent Oilfields

Boxell, Mark

Texas, the Tulsa Race Massacre, and White-Supremacist Energies: Petroleum Workers and Anti-Black Violence in the Mid-Continent Oilfields - 2022.


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Abstract: This article examines the early twentieth-century oil workforce in the Mid-Continent petroleum region of the United States, focusing on the centrality of white supremacy within the oil industry. White oil workers and the communities where they predominated frequently perpetrated acts of racial violence and numerous racial pogroms broke out in cities and towns where oil was produced. These expressions of white supremacy were responses to the particular social relations engendered by the industry’s boom-andbust cycles, a backlash against labor radicalism, and a means through which oil workers expressed white masculinity. The article reframes the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre as the most explosive instance of this kind of oil-based racial violence.37

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