La dégradation d’un métier rare : les fabricants d’arbalètes (Saint-Empire, XVIe siècle) (notice n° 1047625)
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| control field | 20250125185733.0 |
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| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Delle Luche, Jean-Dominique |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | La dégradation d’un métier rare : les fabricants d’arbalètes (Saint-Empire, XVIe siècle) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2022.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 56 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | L’arbalète, arme essentielle dans l’armement urbain à la fin du Moyen Âge en Europe, devient obsolète militairement avec le progrès des armes à feu. L’article examine l’évolution du métier des fabricants d’arbalètes dans le Saint-Empire au xvie siècle et propose d’examiner, à partir d’une documentation dispersée et hétérogène (suppliques, livres de bourgeoisie, délibérations du conseil, registres de tir), le processus de déclin progressif et de mutation d’un métier médiéval. L’effondrement de la demande bouleverse un métier jusque-là vital, puisque l’entretien des arsenaux publics et privés favorise l’emploi de ces experts militaires dans chaque ville. Les arbalétriers deviennent des artisans dépendants d’une clientèle réduite, celle des sociétés de tir, dont le maintien de cette sociabilité des élites garantit la survie précaire du métier. Le déclin de la spécialité, avec la concentration de l’activité sur un seul poste par ville, et une diminution progressive des villes pratiquant le tir à l’arbalète entraînent néanmoins des stratégies de redéfinition du métier ou d’autres stratégies pour obtenir les postes vacants. La qualification comme métier libre permet aux artisans de rechercher pour eux ou leurs fils des formations de substitution dans le travail du bois ou de la corne, ou complémentaires comme le manchage d’arquebuse ; des stratégies de réseau familiales et professionnelles permettent de postuler aux postes les plus opportuns dans le Saint-Empire. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | The crossbow was an essential weapon in the European urban armament of the Late Middle Ages that became obsolete with the advancement of firearms. This article adresses, with a broad corpus of council deliberations, supplications, burgher and shooting registers the evolution of the craft of the crossbowmakers in the Holy Roman Empire during the 16th century and beyond, and analyses this as exemplary for the processes of decline and redefinitions of medieval crafts. During the 15th century, crossbowmakers were military experts who helped to maintain the private and the public arsenals, so that they were considered as strategic employees of cities and princes. The crossbow became obsolete in the wake of the 16th century, so that the crossbowmakers were confronted to a rapid collapse of the demand. Now that they were mere craftsmen, they became dependent from their remaining clientele, the crossbowmen guilds, an elite sociability that considered them as their employees. Numerous examples of a now precarious craft are listed in this paper, arguing for a simultaneous decline, but nonetheless with a differenciated local treatment so that a hierarchy between good posts and miserable jobs, and strategies of replacements and applications can be sketched. This was the impulse for new strategies from the masters in order to avert their decline. Now being a free unorganised craft, the crossbowmakers tended to form their apprentices and sons to secondary crafts using their technical expertise, for example in the shafting of firearms. Family and professional networks were also used in order to put the job market in the Empire for their profit. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | artisanat et métiers |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | arbalète |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | e |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Saint-Empire |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | siècle |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | histoire urbaine |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Renaissance |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | xvi |
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| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | century |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Renaissance |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Holy Roman Empire |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | urban history |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | crossbow |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | th |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | 16 |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | crafts |
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| Note | Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine | 69-1 | 1 | 2022-03-14 | p. 117-139 | 0048-8003 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2022-1-page-117?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2022-1-page-117?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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