L’Uomo qualunque : vie, contradictions et mort d’un populisme antipolitique en Italie, 1944-1948 (notice n° 1047727)

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Personal name Le Quang, Grégoire
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245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT
Title L’Uomo qualunque : vie, contradictions et mort d’un populisme antipolitique en Italie, 1944-1948
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Date of publication, distribution, etc. 2023.<br/>
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General note 72
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Summary, etc. Le mouvement de L’Uomo qualunque, plutôt mal connu en France, est souvent décrit en Italie comme la matrice du populisme contemporain. Pour le comprendre, il convient de retracer précisément le contexte d’émergence du mouvement et l’idéologie de son fondateur, Guglielmo Giannini. À la fois très personnelle et représentative d’un anti-antifascisme très enraciné dans les classes moyennes méridionales après la Libération, c’est bien l’originalité de cette proposition politique qui fait le succès fulgurant du mouvement, à son apogée entre 1945 et 1946, ainsi qu’une communication innovante. Toutefois, la proposition politique connaît également des faiblesses, et se heurte notamment à l’aporie d’une politique antipolitique, d’une part, et à la bipolarisation du monde politique au moment de l’entrée en Guerre froide, d’autre part. Le mouvement apparaît donc représentatif non d’un hypothétique archétype du populisme, mais plutôt de « moments populistes » qui naissent d’une correspondance, souvent d’une durée assez brève, entre la contestation diffuse du système politique et le mouvement qui s’en prétend l’interprète exclusif.
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Summary, etc. The Italian political movement of L’Uomo qualunque, which is not very well known, is often described in Italy as the prototype of contemporary populism. In order to understand it, it seems necessary to recall the context of the emergence of the movement and the ideology of its founder, Guglielmo Giannini. This ideology was both very personal and representative of an anti-antifascism that was deeply rooted in the southern middle classes after the Liberation. It was the originality of this political proposal that made the movement so successful, at its peak between 1945 and 1946, as well as its innovative communication. However, the political proposal also had its weaknesses and came up against the ambiguity of an anti-political policy on the one hand, and the bipolarisation of the political world at the time of the start of the Cold War on the other. The movement thus appears to be representative, not of a hypothetical archetype of populism, but rather of “populist moments” that arise from a correspondence, often of fairly short duration, between the diffuse contestation of the political system and the movement that claims to be its exclusive interpreter.
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Note Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine | 70-2 | 2 | 2023-05-30 | p. 175-200 | 0048-8003
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Uniform Resource Identifier <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2023-2-page-175?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2023-2-page-175?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a>

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