Tons, Tonneaux, Toneladas, Lasts (notice n° 175039)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 02949cam a2200445 4500500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20250112040045.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Behrendt, Stephen D. |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Tons, Tonneaux, Toneladas, Lasts |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2021.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 35 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | La jauge des navires du xviiie siècle était imprécise et non normalisée. Les comparaisons entre les sources britanniques montrent de grandes variations, certaines d’ordre systématique, d’autres pas. Les comparaisons avec les unités de mesure continentales confirment, en moyenne, les taux de conversion habituels pour les tonneaux, les toneladas et les lasts, mais les conversions implicites dans les cas individuels varient tellement que ces taux n’ont manifestement pas été utilisés par les contemporains. Les tonnages étaient généralement arrondis de manière importante. Les variations et les arrondis suggèrent que la jauge, plutôt que calculée à l’aide de formules officielles, était souvent estimée par les armateurs, les experts techniques, et les autorités locales. Le British Shipping Act de 1786 a apporté une plus grande précision aux calculs et aux déclarations, le calcul britannique de la jauge devenant de plus en plus normalisé. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Eighteenth-century ship tonnages were imprecise and unstandardized. Comparisons across British sources show considerable variation, both systematic and unsystematic. Comparisons with continental units of measurement confirm, on average, the usual conversions for tonneaux, toneladas and lasts, but implicit conversions for individual vessels vary so much that they were clearly not used by contemporaries. Tonnages usually displayed pronounced heaping. Variation and heaping suggest that rather than being calculated using official formulae, tonnages were often approximated by ship-owners, surveyors and local officials. The British Shipping Act of 1786 brought greater precision to calculation and reporting, with British tonnages becoming increasingly standardized. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | tonnage |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | approche comparative |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | justesse |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | shipping |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | standardisation |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | histoire maritime |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | métrologie |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | précision |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | maritime history |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | comparative study |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Britain |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | standardization |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | metrology |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | accuracy |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | shipping |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | precision |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | eighteenth century |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | tonnage |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Solar, Peter M. |
| Relator term | author |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Hens, Luc |
| Relator term | author |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Kane, Aidan |
| Relator term | author |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Marzagalli, Silvia |
| Relator term | author |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Moreira, Maria Cristina |
| Relator term | author |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Histoire & mesure | XXXV | 2 | 2021-06-07 | p. 197-232 | 0982-1783 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/journal-histoire-et-mesure-2020-2-page-197?lang=en">https://shs.cairn.info/journal-histoire-et-mesure-2020-2-page-197?lang=en</a> |
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