L’extension de l’effet de la force majeure affectant le contrat principal au cautionnement de second rang : une admission implicite du sous-cautionnement par la CCJA (notice n° 2080109)
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|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 04693cam a2200313 4500500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20260405005007.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Medamkam Toche, Sabine Joël |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | L’extension de l’effet de la force majeure affectant le contrat principal au cautionnement de second rang : une admission implicite du sous-cautionnement par la CCJA |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2025.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 13 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | En vertu des caractères subsidiaire et accessoire du cautionnement, l’effet de la force majeure affectant le contrat initial est étendu aux garanties qui lui sont accessoires même si ces dernières s’apparentent au sous-cautionnement non reconnu par le droit OHADA. En effet, la prise de pouvoir armée ayant entrainé le gel de financement de l’UE constitue une force majeure suspendant les effets du contrat entre les parties. Ainsi tout prélèvement des frais et agios pendant cette période de suspension est dénué de fondement. En conséquence doit être confirmée, la décision de la Cour d’Appel n’ayant pas ordonné la réalisation des garanties souscrites par le groupement au profit de la banque et ayant condamné celle-ci au remboursement de tous les prélèvements opérés à ce titre. C’est ce qui ressort en substance de l’Arrêt CCJA n° 141/2023 du 29 juin 2023, objet du présent commentaire. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Given the subsidiary and accessory nature of suretyship, the effects of force majeure affecting the principal contract extend to its ancillary guarantees, even where these guarantees resemble sub-suretyship, a mechanism not expressly recognised under OHADA law. In this case, the armed takeover, which resulted in the suspension of EU financing, constituted a force majeure event that suspended the contractual obligations of the parties. Accordingly, any deductions of fees or charges made during the suspension period were without legal basis. The decision of the Court of Appeal, which declined to authorise the enforcement of guarantees subscribed by the consortium in favour of the bank and ordered the bank to reimburse all deductions made on that basis, must therefore be affirmed. This, in essence, is the holding of CCJA Judgment No. 141/2023 of 29 June 2023, which is the focus of the present commentary. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Em virtude do caráter subsidiário e acessório da fiança, o efeito de força maior que afeta o contrato inicial estende-se às garantias que lhe são acessórias, mesmo que estas se assemelhem à uma subfiança não reconhecida pelo direito OHADA. Na verdade, a tomada do poder por via armada que levou ao congelamento do financiamento da UE constitui uma força maior, suspendendo os efeitos do contrato entre as partes. Assim, qualquer dedução de taxas e encargos durante este período de suspensão é injustificada. Consequentemente, deve ser confirmada a decisão do Tribunal de Recurso que não ordenou a realização das garantias prestadas pelo grupo à favor do banco e que condenou este (banco) ao reembolso de todas as deduções efectuadas à este respeito. É esta a essência do Acórdão nº141/2023 do CCJA, de 29 de junho de 2023, que é o objeto do presente comentário. |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | En virtud del carácter subsidiario y accesorio de la fianza, el efecto de la fuerza mayor que afecta al contrato inicial se extiende a las garantías que le son accesorias, incluso si estas últimas se asemejan a la subfianza no reconocida por el derecho OHADA. En efecto, la toma del poder por la fuerza armada, que ha provocado la congelación de la financiación de la UE, constituye una fuerza mayor que suspende los efectos del contrato entre las partes. Por lo tanto, cualquier cobro de gastos y recargos durante este período de suspensión carece de fundamento. En consecuencia, debe confirmarse la decisión del Tribunal de Apelación, que no ordenó la ejecución de las garantías suscritas por el consorcio en beneficio del banco y condenó a este último al reembolso de todos los cobros efectuados. Esto es lo que se desprende, en esencia, de la sentencia CCJA n.º 141/2023, de 29 de junio de 2023, objeto del presente comentario. |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | caractère accessoire |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | cautionnement |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Force majeure |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | garantie de bonne fin |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | subsidiarité |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Accessory nature |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Force majeure |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Performance bond |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Subsidiarity |
| 690 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (OCLC, RLIN) | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Suretyship |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Revue de l'ERSUMA | 23 | 2 | 2025-12-25 | p. 327-338 | 1840-8621 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://droit.cairn.info/revue-revue-de-lersuma-2025-2-page-327?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://droit.cairn.info/revue-revue-de-lersuma-2025-2-page-327?lang=fr&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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