Women victims of sexual assault and rape: evidence from the criminal records of Bologna (fourteenth-fifteenth centuries) (notice n° 413314)
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| fixed length control field | 03706cam a2200181 4500500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20250119111015.0 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | fre |
| 042 ## - AUTHENTICATION CODE | |
| Authentication code | dc |
| 100 10 - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Lett, Didier |
| Relator term | author |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Women victims of sexual assault and rape: evidence from the criminal records of Bologna (fourteenth-fifteenth centuries) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2021.<br/> |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | 49 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | À partir des riches registres de la justice pénale de Bologne de la fin du Moyen Âge (les libri maleficiorum), l’article s’intéresse aux violences sexuelles faites aux jeunes filles et aux femmes par des hommes en replaçant le viol dans un ensemble d’atteintes sexistes et sexuelles. Après un essai d’identifier socialement les coupables et les victimes et une analyse du langage notarial stéréotypé utilisé dans ce type de crime, il s’agira de traiter de l’acte de viol lui-même, « connaître charnellement une femme contre sa volonté et avec violence » mais aussi, en amont et en aval du coït imposé et violent, de toutes les atteintes psychologiques, physiques et sexuelles portées à l’encontre des femmes. Avant : pénétration dans la maison de la victime, injures à caractère sexuel et sexiste, menaces, violences physiques (jeter à terre, traîner par les cheveux, frapper, déplacement du lieu d’habitation au lieu du viol, etc.). Après : humiliation, opprobre, vexation de la victime et de sa parenté, nécessité pour la victime de prouver le non-consentement et difficultés de dénoncer. On terminera sur les parties lésées par le crime et les peines infligées au coupable, somme toute relativement légères. L’intégration du viol dans une longue chaîne de violence et d’humiliation subie par les femmes oblige à repenser, pour une période donnée, ce que nous entendons par « violence sexuelle ». |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | Based on the very full records of penal justice in Bologna in the Late Middle Ages (the libri maleficiorum), this article focuses on acts of sexual violence inflicted by men on girls and women, and positions rape within a whole range of sexist and sexual acts of aggression. Firstly, it identifies the social status of both accused and victims, and offers an analysis of the stereotypical legal language used to describe this kind of crime, the act of rape itself being defined as “carnal knowledge [of a woman] by force and with violence against her will”. The article then provides a survey of the entire range of attacks, psychological, physical and sexual, perpetrated against women, before and after the act of forced and violent intercourse. Beforehand, these include: forced entry to the victim’s home; the uttering of sexist and sexual insults; threats; physical violence (throwing the victim to the ground, dragging her by her hair; striking her); forcing her out of the home to the place where the rape was committed, etc. The aftermath of rape included opprobrium, harassment of the victim and her family; the necessity for the victim to be able to prove her lack of consent, and the difficulty of bringing a case to court. The article concludes by considering those who suffered the consequences of the crime, and the penalties imposed on perpetrators, which were in the main relatively light. Re-situating rape in a long sequence of violence and humiliation undergone by women forces the historian to reconsider, with reference to a given period, what we mean by “sexual violence”. |
| 700 10 - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Rothstein, Marian |
| Relator term | author |
| 786 0# - DATA SOURCE ENTRY | |
| Note | Clio. Women, Gender, History | o 52 | 2 | 2021-01-26 | p. 43-68 | 1252-7017 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | <a href="https://shs.cairn.info/journal-clio-women-gender-history-2020-2-page-43?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080">https://shs.cairn.info/journal-clio-women-gender-history-2020-2-page-43?lang=en&redirect-ssocas=7080</a> |
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